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A Synopsis of
Funaria
Funariaceae, Bryophyta — 52 accepted species
Funaria
Hedw.
, Sp. Musc. Frond.: 172. 1801. (
Hedwig 1801
)
=
Koehlreutera
Grindel
, Bot. Taschenb. (Grindel): 309. 1803. (
Grindel 1803
)
=
Mnium
Borkh.
, Tent. Disp. Pl. German., op. posth.: 153. 1809,
nom. illeg.
(
Borkhausen 1809
)
Funaria acicularis
Müll. Hal.
, Flora 69: 279. 1886. (
Müller 1886
)
Funaria aequidens
Lindb. ex Broth.
, Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 19(12): 32. 1892. (
Brotherus 1892
)
=
Funaria capillipes
Broth.
, Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 24(2): 20. 1899[1898]. (
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria kashmirensis
Broth.
, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 528. 1903. (
Fife 1982
)
Funaria altissima
Dixon
, J. Bot. 69: 285. 1931. (
Dixon 1931
;
Ros et al. 2023
)
Funaria anomala
Jur.
, Ins. Cypern: 170. 1865. (
Unger & Kotschy 1865
)
Funaria arctica
(Berggr.) Kindb.
, Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 330. 1897[1898]. (
Kindberg 1897
)
Basionym:
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
arctica
Berggr.
, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., n.s. 13(7): 57. 1875. (
Berggren 1875
)
=
Funaria microstoma
var.
obtusifolia
Grout
, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2: 86. 1935. (
Grout 1933-1940
)
≡
Funaria groutiana
Fife
, Bryologist 82: 207. 1979. (
Fife 1979
;
Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2007
)
Funaria aristifolia
N. Wilding, D.A. Callaghan & Hedd.
, J. Bryol. (online): [1]. 2025. (
Wilding et al. 2025
)
Funaria bogosica
Müll. Hal.
, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 16. 1872. (
Venturi 1872
)
Funaria calvescens
Schwägr.
, Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl. 1, 2: 77. 1816. (
Schwägrichen 1816
;
Dias et al. 2018
)
T5
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
calvescens
(Schwägr.) Mont.
, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 12: 54. 1839. (
Montagne 1839
;
Dias et al. 2018
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
subsp.
calvescens
(Schwägr.) Kindb.
, Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 330. 1897[1898]. (
Kindberg 1897
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
caribaea
Sw.
, Adnot. Bot.: 124. 1829. (
Swartz 1829
)
=
Funaria leptopoda
Griff.
, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 2: 512. 1842. (
Griffith 1842
;
Gangulee 1974
)
=
Funaria calvescens
var.
crispa
Müll. Hal.
, Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 108. 1848. (
Müller 1848
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
crispa
(Müll. Hal.) Paris
, Index Bryol.: 504. 1896.
=
Funaria connivens
Müll. Hal.
, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 747. 1855. (
Müller 1855
;
Gangulee 1974
)
=
Funaria nepalensis
Müll. Hal.
, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 748. 1855. (
Müller 1855
;
Gangulee 1974
)
=
Funaria mexicana
Duby
, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 20: 362. 1870. (
Duby 1870
;
Smith 1994
)
=
Funaria annulata
Besch.
, Mém. Soc. Natl. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16: 192. 1872. (
Bescherelle 1872
;
Smith 1994
)
=
Funaria subleptopoda
Hampe
, Linnaea 38: 207. 1874. (
Hampe 1874
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria beyrichii
Hampe
, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 4, 1–2: 77. 1879. (
Dias et al. 2018
)
=
Funaria leptopoda
var.
gemmacea
Besch.
, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 7, 15: 61. 1892. (
Bescherelle 1892
)
=
Funaria megapoda
Müll. Hal.
, Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 175. 1897. (
Müller 1897a
;
Allen 2002
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
f.
javensis
M. Fleisch.
, Musci Buitenzorg 2: 487. 1904. (
Fleischer 1904
)
Funaria capillaris
Warnst.
, Hedwigia 57: 93. 1915. (
Warnstorf 1915
)
Funaria chevalieri
P. de la Varde
, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 15: 242. 1943. (
Potier de la Varde 1943
)
Funaria chilensis
(Thér.) Thér.
, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 30: 344. 1926. (
Thériot 1926
)
Basionym:
Funaria clavellata
var.
chilensis
Thér.
, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 28: 131. 1924. (
Thériot 1924
)
Funaria commixta
Thér.
, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 30: 344. 1926. (
Thériot 1926
)
Funaria costesii
Thér.
, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 25: 303. 1921. (
Thériot 1921
)
Funaria delicatula
Thér.
, Recueil Publ. Soc. Havraise Études Diverses 87: 99. 1920. (
Thériot 1920
)
Funaria discelioides
Müll. Hal.
, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 4: 245. 1897. (
Müller 1897c
)
Funaria erectiuscula
Mitt.
, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 247. 1869. (
Mitten 1869
)
Funaria euryloma
Dixon
, Results Norweg. Sci. Exped. Tristan da Cunha 48: 28. 1960. (
Dixon 1960
)
Funaria flavicans
Michx.
, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 303. 1803. (
Michaux 1803
)
G5
=
Funaria flavicans
var.
humilis
Müll. Hal.
, Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 108. 1848. (
Müller 1848
)
Funaria fritzei
Geh.
, Biblioth. Bot. 73: 57. 1910. (
Geheeb & Herzog 1910
)
Funaria gymnostoma
Dixon
, S. African J. Sci. 18: 318. 1922. (
Sim & Dixon 1922
;
Wilding 2015
)
Funaria hosseusii
E.B. Bartram
, Musci Eur. & Amer. Exsic. 46(App.): 2. 1936. (
Bartram 1936
)
Funaria
×
hybrida
R. Ruthe ex Limpr.
, Laubm. Deutschl. 2: 200. 1891. (
Limpricht 1885–1903
;
Żarnowiec et al. 2004
)
≡
Entosthodon hybridus
(R. Ruthe ex Limpr.) Loeske
, Laubm. Eur. (Loeske) 2: 56. 1929. (
Loeske 1929
)
Funaria hygrometrica
Hedw.
, Sp. Musc. Frond.: 172. 1801. (
Hedwig 1801
)
G5
≡
Mnium hygrometricum
(Hedw.) With.
, Syst. Arr. Brit. Pl. (ed. 4) 3: 787. 1801. (
Withering 1801
)
≡
Koehlreutera hygrometrica
(Hedw.) Grindel
, Bot. Taschenb. (Grindel): 317. 1803. (
Grindel 1803
)
=
Funaria angustata
Turton
, Gen. Syst. Nat. 6: 1726. 1806. (
Wijk et al. 1962
)
=
Funaria minor
Delile
, Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat.: 31. 1813. (
Fife 1982
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
minor
(Delile) Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 738. 1827,
nom. illeg.
(
Bridel 1827
)
=
Funaria angustifolia
Brid.
, Muscol. Recent. Suppl. 3: 71. 1817. (
Bridel 1817
;
Gangulee 1974
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
minor
Hartm.
, Handb. Skand. Fl.: 407. 1820. (
Hartman 1820
)
=
Calymperes berteroi
Spreng.
, Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 3. 1822. (
Wijk et al. 1969
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
aurea
Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 53. 1827. (
Bridel 1827
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
lurida
Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 53. 1827. (
Bridel 1827
)
=
Funaria androgyna
Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 58. 1827. (
Bridel 1827
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
weinmannii
Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 738. 1827. (
Bridel 1827
)
=
Funaria ramificans
Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 738. 1827. (
Bridel 1827
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria campylopus
Brid.
, Bryol. Univ. 2: 739. 1827. (
Bridel 1827
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
nana
Sw.
, Adnot. Bot.: 124. 1829. (
Swartz 1829
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
nana
Hartm.
, Handb. Skand. Fl. (ed. 2) 2: 326. 1832,
nom. illeg.
(
Hartman 1832
;
Podpěra 1954
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
f.
nana
C.E.O. Jensen
, Skand. Bladmossfl.: 172. 1939,
nom. illeg.
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
nana
Mont.
, Arch. Bot. (Paris) 1: 130. 1833,
nom. illeg.
(
Montagne 1833
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
arenaria
Huebener
, Muscol. Germ.: 497. 1833. (
Huebener 1833
;
Loeske 1929
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
muralis
Huebener
, Muscol. Germ.: 497. 1833. (
Huebener 1833
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
f.
muralis
(Huebener) De Sloover
, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 37: 446. 1967. (
De Sloover 1967
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
blyttii
Hartm.
, Handb. Skand. Fl. (ed. 3) 2: 287. 1838. (
Hartman 1838
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
patula
Bruch & Schimp.
, Bryol. Eur. 3: 266. 1846. (
Bruch & Schimper 1841
;
Crum & Anderson 1981
)
=
Funaria sphaerocarpa
Müll. Hal.
, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 546. 1851. (
Müller 1851a
;
Fife & Seppelt 2001
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
sphaerocarpa
(Müll. Hal.) Watts
, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 117. 1906. (
Watts & Whitelegge 1906
)
=
Funaria fuscescens
Mitt.
, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 54. 1851. (
Mitten 1851
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria plagiostoma
Müll. Hal.
, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 748. 1855. (
Müller 1855
;
Magill 1987
)
≡
Entosthodon plagiostomus
(Müll. Hal.) Sim
, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 15: 297. 1926. (
Sim 1926
;
Magill 1987
)
=
Funaria gracilescens
Schimp. ex Müll. Hal.
, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 154. 1858. (
Müller 1858
;
Magill 1987
)
=
Funaria convoluta
Hampe
, Linnaea 30: 455. 1860. (
Hampe 1860
;
Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2007
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
convoluta
(Hampe) Grout
, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2: 85. 1935. (
Grout 1933-1940
)
=
Funaria ravenelii
Austin
, Bot. Bull. (Hanover) 1: 29. 1876. (
Fife 1982
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
subsp.
ravenelii
(Austin) Kindb.
, Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 2: 330. 1897[1898]. (
Kindberg 1897
)
=
Funaria papillata
Hampe
, Linnaea 40: 302. 1876. (
Fife & Seppelt 2001
)
=
Funaria marginata
Kindb.
, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 7(9): 79. 1883. (
Kindberg 1883
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria fuegiana
Müll. Hal.
, Flora 68: 396. 1885. (
Müller 1885
;
Fife 1982
)
≡
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
fuegiana
(Müll. Hal.) Besch.
, Miss. Sci. Cape Horn, Bot. 5: 284. 1889. (
Bescherelle 1889
)
=
Funaria globicarpa
Müll. Hal.
, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 5: 161. 1898. (
Müller 1898
;
Ochi 1968
)
=
Funaria lonchopelma
Müll. Hal.
, Hedwigia 38: 61. 1899. (
Müller 1899
;
Magill 1987
)
=
Bryum laxogemmaceum
Müll. Hal.
, Hedwigia 38: 75. 1899. (
Müller 1899
;
Magill 1987
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
intermedia
Warnst.
, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 42: 200. 1901.
≡
Funaria intermedia
(Warnst.) Warnst.
, Hedwigia 57: 91. 1915. (
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
f.
breviseta
Hand.-Mazz. ex Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
, Fl. Tirol 5: 331. 1903. (
Dalla Torre & Sarnthein 1903
;
Podpěra 1954
)
=
Funaria flaviseta
Warnst.
, Hedwigia 57: 90. 1915. (
Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2007
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
lacustris
J.J. Amann
, Fl. Mouss. Suisse 2: 175. 1918. (
Amann & Meylan 1918
;
Podpěra 1954
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
conica
Culm.
, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 162. 1919. (
Podpěra 1954
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
f.
bulbillifera
Thér.
, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 25: 304. 1921. (
Thériot 1921
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
bivalens
F. Wettst.
, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 33: 58. 1924. (
Wettstein 1924
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
apiculata
Vilh.
, Acta Bot. Bohem. 4–5: 27. 1926. (
Vilhelm 1926
)
=
Funaria orthopoda
Thér.
, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 81(1): 5. 1928. (
Thériot 1928a
;
Sharp et al. 1994
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
ahaggarensis
Thér. & Trab.
, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 164. 1931. (
Ros & Cano 2008
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
microspora
Dixon
, Brotéria, Ci. Nat. 1: 86. 1932. (
Dixon 1932
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
f.
longinervis
Grout
, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2: 85. 1935. (
Grout 1933-1940
;
Crum & Anderson 1981
)
=
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
utahensis
Grout
, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2: 85. 1935. (
Grout 1933-1940
;
Miller & Miller 2007
)
=
Tayloria henryae
Dixon
, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 53(2): 31. 1941. (
Dixon 1942
;
Koponen & Koponen 1978
)
Funaria hygrometrica
Hedw. var.
hygrometrica
Funaria hygrometrica
var.
mauritiana
(Besch.) Paris
, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 49(3): 180. 1895. (
Paris 1895
;
Tixier & Guého 1997
)
Basionym:
Funaria calvescens
var.
mauritiana
Besch.
, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 6, 9: 376. 1880. (
Bescherelle 1879
)
Funaria incompleta
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 42: 253. 1879. (
Müller 1879
)
Funaria incurvifolia
Müll. Hal. ex E. Britton
, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 484. 1896. (
Britton 1896
)
Funaria inflata
Müll. Hal.
, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 4: 8. 1897. (
Müller 1897b
)
Funaria kilimandscharica
Müll. Hal.
, Flora 73: 471. 1890. (
Müller 1890
)
Funaria koelzei
E.B. Bartram
, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 29: 167. 1961. (
Bartram 1960
)
Funaria laxissima
Müll. Hal.
, Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 541. 1851. (
Müller 1851b
)
Funaria linearidens
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 42: 252. 1879. (
Müller 1879
)
Funaria ludovicae
Broth. & Paris
, Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 53A(11): 18. 1911. (
Brotherus 1911
)
Funaria macrospora
R.S. Williams
, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3(9): 133. 1903. (
Williams 1903
)
Funaria maireana
Copp.
, Bull. Séances Soc. Sci. Nancy, sér. 3, 8: 323. 1907. (
Coppey 1907
)
Funaria mayottensis
(Besch.) Broth. ex Paris
, Index Bryol. (ed. 2) 2: 248. 1904. (
Paris 1904
)
Basionym:
Streptopogon mayottensis
Besch.
, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 7, 2: 88. 1885. (
Bescherelle 1885
)
Funaria microstoma
Bruch ex Schimp.
, Flora 23(37): 580. 1840. (
Schimper 1840
)
G4
=
Funaria megalostoma
Mitt.
, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 246. 1869. (
Mitten 1869
;
Fife 1982
)
=
Funaria salsicola
Müll. Hal.
, Hedwigia 41: 120. 1902. (
Fife & Seppelt 2001
)
=
Funaria microstoma
f.
canadensis
Grout
, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2: 86. 1935. (
Grout 1933-1940
;
Fife 1979
)
Funaria nilotica
Broth.
, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 523. 1903. (
Brotherus 1903
;
Ros et al. 2013
)
Replaced synonym:
Entosthodon niloticus
Schimp. ex Müll. Hal.
, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 154. 1858,
nom. illeg.
(
Müller 1858
)
Funaria nubica
Müll. Hal.
, Hedwigia 38: 61. 1899. (
Müller 1899
)
Funaria orizabensis
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 38: 621. 1874. (
Müller 1874b
)
Funaria orthocarpa
Mitt.
, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., Suppl. 1: 56. 1859. (
Mitten 1859
)
≡
Entosthodon orthocarpus
(Mitt.) A. Jaeger
, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1872–73: 223. 1874. (
Jaeger 1874
)
Funaria polaris
Bryhn
, Rep. Second Norweg. Arctic Exped. Fram 1898–1902, 2(11): 70. 1906. (
Bryhn 1906
)
G4
≡
Entosthodon polaris
(Bryhn) Perss.
, Bryologist 55: 114. 1952. (
Persson 1952
)
Funaria porteri
Thér.
, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 32: 252. 1928[1929]. (
Thériot 1928b
)
Funaria pulchricolor
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 42: 251. 1879. (
Müller 1879
)
Funaria sartorii
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 38: 620. 1874. (
Müller 1874a
)
Funaria schnyderi
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 43: 356. 1882. (
Müller 1882
)
Funaria sickenbergeri
Müll. Hal.
, Gen. Musc. Frond.: 105. 1900. (
Müller 1901
)
Funaria sovatensis
Schimp. ex Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 42: 255. 1879. (
Müller 1879
)
Funaria spathulifolia
(Cardot & Thér.) Broth.
, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 1204. 1909,
nom. dub.
(
Brotherus 1909
;
Crum & Anderson 1955
)
Basionym:
Entosthodon spathulifolius
Cardot & Thér.
, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 4: 312. 1902. (
Cardot & Thériot 1902
)
Funaria subplanifolia
Broth.
, Hedwigia 50: 129. 1910. (
Herzog 1910
)
Funaria succuleata
(Wager & C.H. Wright) Broth. ex Magill
, Fl. S. Africa, Bryophyta 2: 321. 1987. (
Magill 1987
;
Wilding 2015
)
Basionym:
Physcomitrium succuleatum
Wager & C.H. Wright
, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 4: 3. 1915. (
Wager 1915
;
Wilding 2015
)
=
Funaria dieterleniae
Thér.
, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 30: 240. 1924. (
Wilding 2015
)
Funaria tenella
Müll. Hal.
, Linnaea 42: 250. 1879. (
Müller 1879
)
Funaria valdiviae
Müll. Hal.
, Gen. Musc. Frond.: 105. 1900. (
Müller 1901
)
Funaria wijkii
R.S. Chopra
, Taxon. Indian Mosses: 185. 1975. (
Chopra 1975
)
Replaced synonym:
Funaria pilifera
Broth.
, Ann. Bryol. 1: 34. 1928,
nom. illeg.
(
Brotherus 1928
)
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